How do probable cause and reasonable suspicion differ in practice?

• A. Reasonable suspicion justifies stop/detention for a short period; probable cause justifies arrest or search.
• B. Probable cause justifies a brief detention.
• C. A hunch alone justifies a stop.
• D. There is no difference.

Answer: (A)

Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard that allows a brief stop and detention to investigate possible criminal activity. It must be based on specific, articulable facts and rational inferences, not a mere hunch, and the detention is limited in time and scope. If the situation allows, a limited frisk for weapons may be conducted, but the action remains a short stop rather than a full arrest.

Probable cause is a higher standard, requiring facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been, is being, or will be committed, or that evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place. This level of justification supports more intrusive actions, such as arrest without a warrant and searches (with a warrant or under a valid exception). So the practical difference is that reasonable suspicion justifies a short stop/detention, while probable cause justifies arrest or a search. A hunch alone is not enough.